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SS ''Brulin'' was a lake freighter that worked the North American Great Lakes routes from 1924 to 1960. She was renamed ''Outarde'' in 1939, and ''James J. Buckler'' in 1960, shortly before she ran aground and sank during salvage operations.〔 〕 ''Brulin'' was built by Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company, Hebburn-on-Tyne and launched on 31 July 1924, for the Montreal Forwarding Company. She was built to the maximum dimensions of the canal locks that preceded the St Lawrence Seaway. She was involved in a number of incidents in her career. In 1925 she ran aground at the head of the Morrisburg Canal.〔 In 1926 she struck and sank the tugboat ''Emma L'', off Windmill Point, killing two of her crew, and in 1932 she ran aground on Seven Acre Shoal off Kingston Ontario.〔 〕 In 1935 she found the tank barge ''Bruce Hudson'' adrift and abandoned on Lake Erie, and was able to collect a salvage fee. She was renamed the ''Outarde'' in 1939 when she was sold to the Quebec and Ontario Transportation Company.〔 (In 1962, after her loss, the firm renamed another vessel the ''Outarde''.〔 〕) In 1943 she ran aground near the St Pierre and Miquelon near the mouth of the St Lawrence estuary.〔 She was armed with a small cannon during World War II.〔 In November 1945 a storm smashed the ''Outarde'' against the Consul-Hall Coal Dock at Clayton, New York.〔 A coffer-dam needed to be erected to salvage the vessel, and clear the approach to the dock. Salvage took over four months, and repairs to return to service were not completed until June 1946. When the St Lawrence Seaway was completed, in late 1959, allowing larger vessels to access sail to and from the Great Lakes, the ''Outarde'' was scheduled to be scrapped.〔 She was, however, put back into service in 1960 as the ''James J. Buckler''. She ran aground on 13 June 1960, on a sandbank off the mouth of the Saguenay River. Though she was able to be refloated, she was found to have a serious leak, and was beached. A further salvage attempt was made, but on 16 June 1960 her hull cracked in two and she sank. ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Brulin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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